{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:19:56Z","timestamp":1781104796196,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of the T-cell-derived lymphokine B-cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) in the early activation, proliferation, and antibody-forming cell (AFC) clone formation of single fluorescein-specific B lymphocytes isolated from normal mouse spleens by hapten-gelatin adherence has been studied in vitro. BSF-1 acting alone induced early B-cell activation, as assessed by a significant increase in cell diameter of single B cells cultured for 24 hr. A small but significant number of these B cells formed proliferating clones, some of which secreted antibody. When acting with the specific antigen fluorescein-polymerized flagellin, BSF-1 augmented early cell enlargement and markedly enhanced proliferation, but it did not increase the frequency of AFC clones stimulated by fluorescein-polymerized flagellin alone. The further addition of recombinant murine interleukin 1 (IL-1) marginally enhanced proliferation caused by antigen plus BSF-1. No synergy was observed between BSF-1 and IL-1 for antibody formation. In the presence of fibroblast filler cells, BSF-1 substantially inhibited AFC clone development achieved by antigen plus IL-1. BSF-1 was also found to be inhibitory to AFC clone development stimulated by specific antigen acting with either recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL-2) or with IL-2 plus IL-1, both in the presence or absence of filler cells. The results suggest that BSF-1 plays a complex role in the regulation of the B-cell activation pathway by enhancing early activation and antigen-specific proliferation as well as inhibiting the effects of other B-cell factors on antibody formation. BSF-1 is the only cytokine so far tested in the single B-cell system that acts with antigen to promote proliferation without concomitant antibody production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.5.1389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T06:31:36Z","timestamp":1149057096000},"page":"1389-1393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Single cell studies on the role of B-cell stimulatory factor 1 in B-cell activation."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"M R","family":"Alderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B L","family":"Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G J","family":"Nossal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,3]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.84.5.1389","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T12:07:07Z","timestamp":1649851627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.84.5.1389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.84.5.1389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.84.5.1389","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1987-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}