{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:49:11Z","timestamp":1790322551832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical forms of leprosy constitute a spectrum that correlates closely with the degree of cell-mediated immunity. Patients with tuberculoid leprosy develop strong cell-mediated responses and have only a few, localized lesions, whereas patients with multibacillary lepromatous leprosy are specifically unresponsive to antigens of Myobacterium leprae. T cells of the CD4+ subset predominate in tuberculoid lesions, whereas CD8+ cells predominate in lepromatous lesions. Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ cells were used to analyze the distribution of T cells infiltrating lesions across the disease spectrum. In lepromatous lesions, T cells of T-suppressor phenotype (9.3-) were the predominant CD8+ cells and suppressor\/inducer cells (2H4+, Leu-8+) represented half of the CD4+ subset. In tuberculoid lesions, helper T cells (CD4+4B4+) outnumbered suppressor\/inducer T cells by 14:1, compared with a ratio of 1.2:1 in peripheral blood. Analysis of the precursor frequency of antigen-reactive T cells permitted us to estimate that there was a 100-fold enrichment of T cells able to proliferate in response to M. leprae antigens in tuberculoid lesions (2\/100), when compared with blood from the same patients. The methods used here to characterize the T-lymphocyte subsets and frequency of antigen-reactive T cells in leprosy may be useful in analyzing immunological reactions occurring in lesions of other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.4.1213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T06:49:55Z","timestamp":1149058195000},"page":"1213-1217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Learning from lesions: patterns of tissue inflammation in leprosy."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"R L","family":"Modlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Melancon-Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S M","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Pirmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Kino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Convit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T H","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B R","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,2]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.85.4.1213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T12:37:29Z","timestamp":1649853449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.85.4.1213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.85.4.1213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.85.4.1213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1988-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}