{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:38:57Z","timestamp":1781102337977,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An assay system was developed for the analysis of antibodies secreted in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of HIV-infected individuals. Cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes were established with medium alone or with medium containing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or pokeweed mitogen. HIV antibodies were determined by an ELISA performed with commercial kits in which a whole virus extract served as antigen. Optimal antibody secretion was detected in 7-day peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures to which EBV had been added to provide polyclonal B-cell activation. Pokeweed mitogen-induced antibody secretion and spontaneous antibody secretion were less consistent. With EBV as a stimulus, the sensitivity and specificity of this assay for determining HIV infection status were each 100% in adults. When the assay was applied to infants and children, 23 of 24 symptomatic HIV-seropositive children (class P-2) and 11 of 33 asymptomatic seropositive infants aged less than or equal to 15 months (class P-0) tested positive for EBV-induced antibody secretion. Six of the 11 P-0 patients who tested positive have progressed to develop symptomatic disease, while the remainder are still seropositive at ages 2-15 months. Of the infants who were negative in this assay, all have remained asymptomatic. Treatment with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine in infected adults and children has resulted in transient suppression of the in vitro antibody response in some instances. Thus EBV-induced synthesis of HIV-specific antibodies in vitro is a sensitive and specific indicator of HIV infection and is of help in determining infection status of asymptomatic seropositive infants who are classified as having \"indeterminate\" infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.19.7532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T07:03:53Z","timestamp":1149059033000},"page":"7532-7536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["In vitro synthesis of human immunodeficiency virus-specific antibodies in peripheral blood lymphocytes of infants."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Pahwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Chirmule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Leombruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Bhalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Pahwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R P","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Good","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.86.19.7532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T12:39:56Z","timestamp":1649853596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.86.19.7532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.86.19.7532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.86.19.7532","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1989-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}