{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:15:39Z","timestamp":1781108139873,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trans-activator protein Tat activates the expression of its viral long terminal repeat (LTR) through a target transactivation-responsive element termed TAR. We have constructed cell lines that constitutively express the HIV-1 Tat protein. Analyses of nuclear proteins from these cells and from matched control cells that do not express Tat have identified three proteins that bind to a radiolabeled HIV-1 TAR RNA probe. These polypeptides are 100 kDa, 62 kDa, and 46 kDa in size. Competition experiments using a wild-type TAR RNA sequence, a biologically inactive mutant sequence of TAR, and an unrelated RNA species demonstrated that these proteins show higher binding affinity to wild-type TAR than to the other two non-trans-activatable sequences. We hypothesize that these cellular proteins may mediate a function necessary in Tat-dependent activation of the LTR. The fact that no differences were seen in the binding profiles of nuclear proteins to TAR RNA in Tat-producing and Tat-nonproducing cells suggests that Tat does not directly interact with TAR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.20.7828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T07:05:49Z","timestamp":1149059149000},"page":"7828-7832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Identification of cellular proteins that bind to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 trans-activation-responsive TAR element RNA."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Gatignol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Rabson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K T","family":"Jeang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.86.20.7828","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T12:46:07Z","timestamp":1649853967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.86.20.7828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.86.20.7828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.86.20.7828","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1989-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}