{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:42:03Z","timestamp":1791168123433,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The definition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) immunogenic epitopes is central to the rational design of AIDS vaccine strategies. In this study, we have generated seven HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones from the peripheral blood of two seropositive subjects. Epitopes recognized by these CTL clones were identified by using target cells infected with recombinant HIV-1-vaccinia virus vectors expressing truncated reverse transcriptase proteins and further defined by using target cells incubated with overlapping 25-amino acid synthetic reverse transcriptase peptides. Five different CTL epitopes were identified, and in each case recognition was restricted by class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Clones maintained specific cytolytic function in continuous culture for up to 11 months, requiring only periodic restimulation with a CD3-specific monoclonal antibody. These results indicate that HIV-1-specific, major histocompatibility class I-restricted CTL recognize multiple epitopes of a single viral gene product in conjunction with different host HLA antigens. In addition, they demonstrate that human virus-specific CTL can be grown in long-term culture without the need for reexposure to viral antigen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.23.9514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T07:09:14Z","timestamp":1149059354000},"page":"9514-9518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Long-term culture and fine specificity of human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clones reactive with human immunodeficiency virus type 1."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"B D","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Flexner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Birch-Limberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T J","family":"Paradis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Aldovini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R T","family":"Schooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.86.23.9514","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T12:54:52Z","timestamp":1649854492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.86.23.9514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.86.23.9514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.86.23.9514","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1989-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}