{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:55:56Z","timestamp":1791176156989,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A possible causative role for the recently discovered hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated by assay of sera from HCC patients in Japan for antibodies to a recombinant HCV antigen and to hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens. Among the 253 HCC patients examined, 156 (61.7%) had no serum markers of either a previous or a current HBV infection (group I), 46 (18.2%) were negative for HBV surface antigen but positive for anti-HBV surface and\/or anti-HBV core antibody, indicating the occurrence of a previous, transient HBV infection (group II), and 51 (20.2%) were chronically infected HBV carriers as evidenced by positivity for HBV surface antigen (group III). The prevalence of HCV antibody in group I (68.6%) and II (58.7%) patients was significantly higher than for group III (3.9%) or in 148 additional patients with other (non-HCC) cancers (10.1%) (P less than 0.01). Thus, there appears to be a strong association between HCV infection and the development of HCC, particularly in patients for which HBV infection cannot be implicated as a causative factor. The data also suggest an additional mode of transmission for HCV other than blood transfusion, since a history of blood transfusion was shown in only about 30% of the HCV antibody-positive HCC patients in groups I and II. A high prevalence of HCV antibody was also shown among patients with HCC whose disease was originally thought to be due to very high ethanol consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.17.6547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T07:24:49Z","timestamp":1149060289000},"page":"6547-6549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":856,"title":["Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"I","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Miyamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Ohbayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Koi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Onji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.87.17.6547","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T13:23:01Z","timestamp":1649856181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.87.17.6547"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.87.17.6547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.87.17.6547","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1990-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}