{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T21:47:29Z","timestamp":1781214449618,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Transplantation of bone marrow cells from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model for type 1 diabetes mellitus, to C3H\/HeN mice, which express I-E alpha molecules and have aspartic acid at residue 57 of the I-A beta chain, induced insulitis followed by overt diabetes in the recipient C3H\/HeN mice more than 40 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. When cyclosporin A, which perturbs T-cell functions, was injected intraperitoneally into [NOD----C3H\/HeN] chimeric mice daily for 1 month, the chimeric mice developed insulitis and overt diabetes within 20 weeks following bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation of bone marrow cells from (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice, which develop lupus nephritis, myocardial infarction, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, into C3H\/HeN or C57BL\/6J mice induced in the recipient strains both lupus nephritis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura more than 3 months after transplantation. Transplantation of a stem-cell-enriched population from (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice into normal mice also induced autoimmune disease in the recipients. These results indicate that both systemic autoimmune disease and organ-specific autoimmune disease originate from defects that reside within the stem cells; the thymus and environmental factors such as sex hormones appear to act only as accelerating factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.21.8341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T07:30:10Z","timestamp":1149060610000},"page":"8341-8344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases originate from defects in hematopoietic stem cells."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Ikehara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Takao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Inaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Yasumizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Than","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Hisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Koide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T O","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,11]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.87.21.8341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T13:15:27Z","timestamp":1649855727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.87.21.8341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.87.21.8341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.87.21.8341","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1990-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}