{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:59:01Z","timestamp":1781110741647,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spleen cell populations depleted of both B and T lymphocytes produce interleukin 4 (IL-4) in response to stimulation with immunoglobulins bound to the surface of culture dishes. In the presence of interleukin 3 (IL-3), plate-bound (PB) IgE and PB-IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b are excellent stimulants, whereas PB-IgA and PB-IgM fail to stimulate IL-4 production. In the absence of IL-3, PB-IgE stimulates relatively modest production of IL-4, whereas PB-IgG2a generally does not. The response to PB-IgE is inhibited by soluble IgE; antibody to Fc gamma receptor II inhibits the response to PB-IgG2a. Thus, separate receptors mediate these stimulations, and Fc receptor cross-linkage is required for IL-4 production. Depletion of cells expressing asialo-GM1 does not diminish IL-4 production in response to PB immunoglobulins, indicating that natural killer cells are not essential for non-B, non-T cell production of IL-4. In addition to IL-4, non-B, non-T cells produce IL-3, but no detectable interleukin 2 or interferon gamma. Non-B, non-T cells may be an important source of lymphokines in a variety of immune responses and may serve to amplify the effects of T cells of the TH2 type.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T07:33:14Z","timestamp":1149060794000},"page":"1421-1425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Cross-linking Fc receptors stimulate splenic non-B, non-T cells to secrete interleukin 4 and other lymphokines."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"S Z","family":"Ben-Sasson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Le Gros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D H","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F D","family":"Finkelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W E","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1421","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T13:05:27Z","timestamp":1649855127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1421","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1990-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}