{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:56:50Z","timestamp":1791194210729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the hydroxyl radical is often implicated as the species responsible for the initiation of oxidative damage in iron-overload conditions, no ESR evidence for the formation of the radical in vivo has been reported. We have employed a secondary radical-trapping technique in which the hydroxyl radical reacts with dimethyl sulfoxide to form the methyl radical, which is then detected as its adduct of the spin trap N-t-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone in the bile of animals given an intragastric dose of ferrous sulfate. The identity of this adduct was verified by isotope-substitution techniques. We show that unless measures are taken to inactivate the iron excreted in the bile of treated animals, reactions between iron, oxygen, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-t-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone, and bile components lead to the formation of artifacts during sample collection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T07:47:49Z","timestamp":1149061669000},"page":"8440-8444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Direct evidence for in vivo hydroxyl-radical generation in experimental iron overload: an ESR spin-trapping investigation."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"M J","family":"Burkitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R P","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T13:22:42Z","timestamp":1649856162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8440","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1991-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}