{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:23:45Z","timestamp":1791501825670,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Epstein-Barr virus DNA was analyzed from specimens of hairy leukoplakia, an oral lesion that occurs in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The simultaneous presence of both type 1 and type 2 Epstein-Barr virus was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction assay. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the BamHI WYH region and in clones of the EcoRI C region suggested the presence of multiple strains of type 1 and type 2 viruses. The demonstration of multiple variably sized BamHI H fragments on Southern blot analysis and cloning of the EBNA-2 gene coding region also suggested the presence of multiple viral strains or variants coinfecting hairy leukoplakia. Recombination of the viral genome in and around the EBNA-2 gene apparently generated viral variants that replicated efficiently, one of which appeared to increase in abundance in a lesion over time. These data indicate that hairy leukoplakia involves coinfection with multiple strains of replicating Epstein-Barr virus and the endogenous generation of viral variants, some of which have mutations of the EBNA-2 gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.14.6560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T08:05:05Z","timestamp":1149062705000},"page":"6560-6564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Coinfection with multiple strains of the Epstein-Barr virus in human immunodeficiency virus-associated hairy leukoplakia."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"D M","family":"Walling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7295."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S N","family":"Edmiston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7295."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J W","family":"Sixbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7295."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Abdel-Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7295."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7295."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Raab-Traub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7295."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,15]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.89.14.6560","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T13:01:17Z","timestamp":1649854877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.89.14.6560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.89.14.6560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.89.14.6560","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1992-07-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}