{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:04:12Z","timestamp":1781107452654,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Drosophila chorion factor 1\/ultraspiracle (CF1\/USP) transcription factor, a homologue of the retinoid X receptor, is a developmentally important member of the family of nuclear (steroid) hormone receptors. Using newly developed monoclonal antibodies and a full-length bacterially produced protein, we have studied in detail the in vitro DNA-binding properties of this factor and aspects of its distribution in vivo. During oogenesis, CF1\/USP is present both in germline cells and in the somatic follicular epithelium. We have determined the optimal binding site of partially purified bacterially produced CF1\/USP by an in vitro selection procedure and also have characterized its binding to the follicular-specific chorion s15 promoter. In vitro this bacterially produced factor is unusual in binding to a single element (\"half-site\"); simultaneous but noncoordinate binding to a second half-site is possible if these repeated elements are organized in direct orientation and spaced adequately. However, the factor interacts synergistically with several other nuclear hormone receptors: notably, it can form in vitro heteromers with mammalian thyroid and retinoic acid receptors, binding to two half-sites that are organized in either direct or inverted orientation. In vivo the factor most probably functions as a heterodimer, but its partner(s) remains to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.23.11503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T08:13:37Z","timestamp":1149063217000},"page":"11503-11507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["DNA binding and heteromerization of the Drosophila transcription factor chorion factor 1\/ultraspiracle."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"A M","family":"Christianson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D L","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Hatzivassiliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J E","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P L","family":"Hallenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V M","family":"Nikodem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Mitsialis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F C","family":"Kafatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.89.23.11503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T13:33:24Z","timestamp":1649856804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.89.23.11503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.89.23.11503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.89.23.11503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1992-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}