{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:55:17Z","timestamp":1790913317071,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The pathogenesis of progressive spastic paraparesis [HTLV-I-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP)], a serious consequence of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) infection, is unclear. T and B lymphocytes can be naturally infected by HTLV-I, but the susceptibility to HTLV-I infection of other cell types that could contribute to the pathogenesis of HAM\/TSP has not been determined. We found that a human monocyte cell line (THP-1), primary human peripheral blood monocytes, and isolated microglial cells but not astrocytes or oligodendroglial cells derived from adult human brain were infected by HTLV-I in vitro. Infection with HTLV-I enhanced the secretion of interleukin 6 in human microglial cell-enriched cultures but did not stimulate the release of interleukin 1 from monocytes or microglial cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha production was stimulated by HTLV-I infection of monocytes and microglial cells and could be enhanced by suboptimal amounts of lipopolysaccharide. Since both tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 have been implicated in inflammatory demyelination and gliosis, our findings suggest that human microglial cells and monocytes infected with and activated by HTLV-I could play a role in the pathogenesis of HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.24.11784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T08:14:57Z","timestamp":1149063297000},"page":"11784-11788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Human T-cell leukemia virus type I infection of monocytes and microglial cells in primary human cultures."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"P M","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Retrovirus Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21218."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Dhib-Jalbut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retrovirus Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21218."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Mikovits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retrovirus Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21218."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D S","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retrovirus Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21218."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A L","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retrovirus Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21218."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G K","family":"Bergey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retrovirus Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21218."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N C","family":"Lohrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retrovirus Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21218."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O S","family":"Weislow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retrovirus Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21218."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F W","family":"Ruscetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retrovirus Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21218."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,15]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.89.24.11784","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T13:32:57Z","timestamp":1649856777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.89.24.11784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.89.24.11784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.89.24.11784","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1992-12-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}