{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:41:06Z","timestamp":1781106066587,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The regulation of excitation-secretion coupling by Ca2+ channels is a fundamental property of the nerve terminal. Peptide toxins that block specific Ca2+ channel types have been used to identify which channels participate in neurotransmitter release. Subsecond measurements of [3H]-glutamate and [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal synaptosomes showed that P-type channels, which are sensitive to the Agelenopsis aperta venom peptide omega-Aga-IVA, trigger the release of both transmitters. Dopamine (but not glutamate) release was also controlled by N-type, omega-conotoxin-sensitive channels. With strong depolarizations, where neither toxin was very effective alone, a combination of omega-Aga-IVA and omega-conotoxin produced a synergistic inhibition of 60-80% of Ca(2+)-dependent dopamine release. The results suggest that multiple Ca2+ channel types coexist to regulate neurosecretion under normal physiological conditions in the majority of nerve terminals. P- and N-type channels coexist in dopaminergic terminals, while P-type and a omega-conotoxin- and omega-Aga-IVA-resistant channel coexist in glutamatergic terminals. Such an arrangement could lend a high degree of flexibility in the regulation of transmitter release under diverse conditions of stimulation and modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T08:32:55Z","timestamp":1149064375000},"page":"9518-9522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["Multiple Ca2+ channel types coexist to regulate synaptosomal neurotransmitter release."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"T J","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M E","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Dunlap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,15]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9518","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T13:44:49Z","timestamp":1649857489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9518","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1993-10-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}