{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:39:40Z","timestamp":1789706380931,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the mechanisms of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis, expression of c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes was examined in rat pleural mesothelial cells and hamster tracheal epithelial cells after exposure to crocidolite or chrysotile asbestos. In contrast to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which induces rapid and transient increases in c-fos and c-jun mRNA, asbestos causes 2- to 5-fold increases in c-fos and c-jun mRNA that persist for at least 24 hr in mesothelial cells. The induction of c-fos and c-jun mRNA by asbestos in mesothelial cells is dose-dependent and is most pronounced with crocidolite, the type of asbestos most pathogenic in the causation of pleural mesothelioma. Induction of c-jun gene expression by asbestos occurs in tracheal epithelial cells but is not accompanied by a corresponding induction of c-fos gene expression. In both cell types, asbestos induces increases in protein factors that bind specifically to the DNA sites that mediate gene expression by the AP-1 family of transcription factors. The persistent induction of AP-1 transcription factors by asbestos suggests a model of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis involving chronic stimulation of cell proliferation through activation of the early response gene pathway that includes c-jun and\/or c-fos.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T08:43:27Z","timestamp":1149065007000},"page":"3299-3303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Persistent induction of c-fos and c-jun expression by asbestos."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"N H","family":"Heintz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05405."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y M","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05405."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B T","family":"Mossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05405."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,15]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3299","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T13:27:34Z","timestamp":1649856454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3299"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3299","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1993-04-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}