{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:00:39Z","timestamp":1791115239690,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interaction between vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), which appears on the surface of endothelial cells in response to inflammation, and its integrin counter receptor, alpha 4 beta 1, on immune cells is responsible for targeting these immune cells to cytokine-stimulated endothelium. In addition to its role in the immune system, VCAM-1 is also expressed in a developmentally specific pattern on differentiating skeletal muscle, where it mediates cell-cell interactions important for myogenesis through interaction with alpha 4 beta 1. In contrast to endothelium, there is high basal expression of VCAM-1 in skeletal muscle cells and the expression is not cytokine-responsive. Here, we examine the molecular basis for these contrasting patterns of expression in muscle and endothelium, using VCAM-1 promoter constructs in a series of transfection assays. In endothelial cells, octamer binding sites act as silencers that prevent VCAM-1 expression in unstimulated cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha overcomes the negative effects of these octamers and activates the promoter through two adjacent NF-kappa B binding sites. In muscle cells, a position-specific enhancer located between bp -21 and -5 overrides the effect of other promoter elements, resulting in constitutive VCAM-1 expression. A nuclear protein binds the position-specific enhancer in muscle but not endothelial cells; thus the pattern of expression of this protein could control enhancer activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.9.3943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T08:43:37Z","timestamp":1149065017000},"page":"3943-3947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1: contrasting transcriptional control mechanisms in muscle and endothelium."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"M F","family":"Iademarco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J J","family":"McQuillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D C","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.90.9.3943","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T13:40:20Z","timestamp":1649857220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.90.9.3943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.90.9.3943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.90.9.3943","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1993-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}