{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:21:10Z","timestamp":1781104870202,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is often complicated by a variety of neurological abnormalities. The most common clinical syndrome, termed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex, presents as a subcortical dementia with cognitive, motor, and behavioral disturbances and is unique to HIV-1 infection. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is poorly understood but is believed to involve interactions among virally infected macrophages\/microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. In this study, we show that exposure of primary rat and human astrocytes to heat-activated HIV-1 virions, or to eukaryotically expressed HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope glycoproteins (gp120) stimulates amiloride-sensitive Na+\/H+ antiport, potassium conductance, and glutamate efflux. These effects are blocked specifically by amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+\/H+ antiport and by the selective removal of gp120 with immobilized monoclonal antibody. As a result of modulation of astrocytic function by gp120, the ensuing neuronal depolarization and glutamate exposure could activate both voltage-gated and N-methyl-D-aspartate-regulated Ca2+ channels, leading to increases in intraneuronal Ca2+ and neuronal death. These findings implicate the astrocyte directly in the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia complex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.2.494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T08:56:02Z","timestamp":1149065762000},"page":"494-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 alters ion transport in astrocytes: implications for AIDS dementia complex."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"D J","family":"Benos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B H","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J K","family":"Bubien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S K","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N A","family":"Mashburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Chaikin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G M","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E N","family":"Benveniste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,18]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.91.2.494","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T14:00:29Z","timestamp":1649858429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.91.2.494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,18]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.91.2.494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.91.2.494","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1994-01-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}