{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:33:15Z","timestamp":1791099195395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophage scavenger receptors exhibit unusually\nbroad binding specificity for polyanionic ligands and have been implicated in\natherosclerosis and various host defense functions. Using a radiolabeled,\nsecreted form of the type I bovine macrophage scavenger receptor in an in vitro\nbinding assay, we have found that this receptor binds to intact Gram-positive\nbacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae,\nStaphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus hirae, and Listeria monocytogenes.\nCompetition binding studies using purified lipoteichoic acid, an anionic polymer\nexpressed on the surface of most Gram-positive bacteria, show that lipoteichoic\nacids are scavenger receptor ligands and probably mediate binding of the\nreceptor to Gram-positive bacteria. Lipoteichoic acids, for which no host cell\nreceptors have previously been identified, are implicated in the pathogenesis of\nseptic shock due to Gram-positive bacteria. Scavenger receptors may participate\nin host defense by clearing lipoteichoic acid and\/or intact bacteria from\ntissues and the circulation during Gram-positive sepsis. Since scavenger\nreceptors have been previously shown to bind to and facilitate bloodstream\nclearance of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), these\nreceptors may provide a general mechanism for macrophage recognition and\ninternalization of pathogens and their cell surface components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.5.1863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T09:05:56Z","timestamp":1149066356000},"page":"1863-1867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":274,"title":["The type I macrophage scavenger receptor binds togram-positive bacteria and recognizes lipoteichoic acid."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"D W","family":"Dunne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale University School of\rMedicine, New Haven, CT 06510."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale University School of\rMedicine, New Haven, CT 06510."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale University School of\rMedicine, New Haven, CT 06510."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale University School of\rMedicine, New Haven, CT 06510."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K A","family":"Joiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yale University School of\rMedicine, New Haven, CT 06510."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.91.5.1863","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T14:04:03Z","timestamp":1649858643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.91.5.1863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.91.5.1863"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.91.5.1863","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1994-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}