{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:28:28Z","timestamp":1781105308249,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the most important questions in arbovirology concerns the origin of epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses; these viruses caused periodic, extensive epidemics\/epizootics in the Americas from 1938-1973 (reaching the United States in 1971) but had recently been presumed extinct. We have documented the 1992 emergence of a new epidemic\/epizootic VEE virus in Venezuela. Phylogenetic analysis of strains isolated during two outbreaks indicated that the new epidemic\/epizootic virus(es) evolved recently from an enzootic VEE virus in northern South America. These results suggest continued emergence of epizootic VEE viruses; surveillance of enzootic viruses and routine vaccination of equines should therefore be resumed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T09:12:44Z","timestamp":1149066764000},"page":"5278-5281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Emergence of a new epidemic\/epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in South America."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Rico-Hesse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S C","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"de Siger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,6]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T14:11:01Z","timestamp":1649859061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.92.12.5278","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1995-06-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}