{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:40:40Z","timestamp":1781102440610,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The 170-kDa subunit of the galactose-adherence lectin (Gal-lectin) of Entamoeba histolytica mediates adherence to human colonic mucins and intestinal epithelium as a prerequisite to amebic invasion. The Gal-lectin is an immunodominant molecule and a protective antigen in the gerbil model of amebiasis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) produced by activated macrophages enhances nitric oxide-dependent cytotoxicity in host defense against E. histolytica. The purpose of this study was to identify the Gal-lectin epitopes which stimulate TNF-alpha production by macrophages. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) exposed to Gal-lectin (100-500 ng\/ml) stimulated stable expression of TNF-alpha mRNA (8-fold increase) and TNF-alpha production similar to that of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells (100 ng\/ml). Polyclonal anti-lectin serum specifically inhibited TNF-alpha mRNA induction in response to the Gal-lectin but not to lipopolysaccharide. Anti-lectin monoclonal antibodies 8C12, H85 and 1G7, which recognize nonoverlapping epitopes of the cysteine-rich region of the 170-kDa heavy subunit, inhibited both amebic adherence to mammalian cells and Gal-lectin-stimulated TNF-alpha mRNA expression by BMMs,but monoclonal antibody 7F4 did neither. As these inhibitory antibodies map to amino acids 596-1082 of the 170-kDa Gal-lectin, our results have identified the functional region that mediates amebic adherence and TNF-alpha mRNA induction in BMMMs; thus, this region of the Gal-lectin is a subunit vaccine candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.26.12175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T09:26:12Z","timestamp":1149067572000},"page":"12175-12179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Identification of the galactose-adherence lectin epitopes of Entamoeba histolytica that stimulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"R","family":"S\u00e9guin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology of McGill University, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, PQ Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B J","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology of McGill University, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, PQ Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology of McGill University, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, PQ Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Chadee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology of McGill University, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, PQ Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,19]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.92.26.12175","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T14:03:20Z","timestamp":1649858600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.92.26.12175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,19]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"26","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.92.26.12175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.92.26.12175","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1995-12-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}