{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T01:37:23Z","timestamp":1789349843852,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Phosducin is a soluble phosphoprotein found in retinal photoreceptor cells and in the pineal gland. It binds to the beta gamma subunits of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) (G beta gamma) and may regulate G-protein function. In this study, the ability of specific regions of phosducin to bind G beta gamma was characterized. A series of deletion mutants were made in bovine phosducin. They were tested in cotransfection assays for their ability to inhibit G beta gamma-mediated phospholipase C beta 2 isoform activation. Overexpression of the N-terminal half of phosducin showed inhibition, whereas overexpression of the C-terminal half did not. The first 63 amino acid residues were required for inhibition. A tryptophan-to-valine substitution at residue 29, which is part of a well conserved 11-amino acid sequence, severely impaired phosducin inhibitory function. Glutathione S-transferase-phosducin fusion proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli to study phosducin-G beta gamma interaction in vitro. The N-terminal 63-amino acid fragment was able to bind to G beta gamma. In contrast, the C-terminal half failed to bind to G beta gamma. The substitution mutants showed little or no binding. Furthermore, direct measurements of interaction between G beta gamma and fragments of phosducin, using surface plasmon resonance technology, confirmed the assignment of binding activity to the 63-amino acid fragment and the importance of the tryptophan residue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.2086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T09:29:22Z","timestamp":1149067762000},"page":"2086-2090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The N terminus of phosducin is involved in binding of beta gamma subunits of G protein."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V Z","family":"Slepak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M I","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,14]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.92.6.2086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T14:05:05Z","timestamp":1649858705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.92.6.2086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,14]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.92.6.2086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.92.6.2086","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1995-03-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}