{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:51:11Z","timestamp":1781110271524,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have studied the effects of retinoic acid (RA) and thyroid hormone (3,3',5-triiodothyronine; T3) on platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) gene expression in intact rats and the ability of two human PAFR gene promoters (PAFR promoters 1 and 2) to generate two transcripts (PAFR transcripts 1 and 2). Northern blotting showed that RA and T3 regulated PAFR gene expression only in rat tissues that express PAFR transcript 2. Functional analysis of the human PAFR promoter 2 revealed that responsiveness to RA and T3 was conferred through a 24-bp element [PAFR-hormone response element (HRE) located from -67 to -44 bp of the transcription start site, whereas PAFR promoter 1 did not respond to these hormones. The PAFR-HRE is composed of three direct repeated TGACCT-like hexamer motifs with 2-and 4-bp spaces, and the two upstream and two downstream motifs were identified as response elements for RA and T3. Thus, the PAF-PAFR pathway is regulated by the PAFR level altered by a tissue-specific response to RA and T3 through the PAFR-HRE of the PAFR promoter 2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.2.774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1027679804000},"page":"774-779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Tissue-specific response of the human platelet-activating factor receptor gene to retinoic acid and thyroid hormone by alternative promoter usage."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Mutoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Kitamaoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Masushige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,23]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.93.2.774","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T15:12:00Z","timestamp":1649862720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.93.2.774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,23]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.93.2.774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.93.2.774","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-01-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}