{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T16:07:26Z","timestamp":1791130046540,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nocturnal melatonin production in the pineal gland is under the control of norepinephrine released from superior cervical ganglia afferents in a rhythmic manner, and of cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP increases the expression of serotonin N-acetyltransferase and of inducible cAMP early repressor that undergo circadian oscillations crucial for the maintenance and regulation of the biological clock. In the present study, we demonstrate a circadian pattern of expression of the calcium\/calmodulin activated adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1) mRNA in the rat pineal gland. In situ hybridization revealed that maximal AC1 mRNA expression occurred at midday (12:00-15:00), with a very low signal at night (0:00-3:00). We established that this rhythmic pattern was controlled by the noradrenergic innervation of the pineal gland and by the environmental light conditions. Finally, we observed a circadian responsiveness of the pineal AC activity to calcium\/calmodulin, with a lag due to the processing of the protein. At midday, AC activity was inhibited by calcium (40%) either in the presence or absence of calmodulin, while at night the enzyme was markedly (3-fold) activated by the calcium-calmodulin complex. These findings suggest (i) the involvement of AC1 acting as the center of a gating mechanism, between cyclic AMP and calcium signals, important for the fine tuning of the pineal circadian rhythm; and (ii) a possible regulation of cyclic AMP on the expression of AC1 in the rat pineal gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.20.11208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:34:16Z","timestamp":1027679656000},"page":"11208-11212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Diurnal variation of the adenylyl cyclase type 1 in the rat pineal gland."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"E T","family":"Tzavara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Pouille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Defer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Hanoune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.93.20.11208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T15:20:29Z","timestamp":1649863229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.93.20.11208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.93.20.11208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.93.20.11208","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}