{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:06:54Z","timestamp":1791158814287,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Early in ontogeny, the secondary lymphoid organs become populated with numerous cells of mesodermal origin which forms both the lymphoid and stromal elements. The critical receptor\/ligand interactions necessary for lymphoid organogenesis to occur are for the most part unknown. Although lymphotoxin-\u03b1 (LT\u03b1) has been shown to be required for normal lymph node, Peyer\u2019s patch, and splenic development, it is unclear if soluble LT\u03b13, and\/or cell-bound lymphotoxin-\u03b1\u03b2 (LT\u03b1\u03b2) mediate these developmental events. Here we report that blocking LT\u03b1\u03b2\/lymphotoxin-\u03b2 receptor (LT\u03b2R) interaction\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    by generating mice which express a soluble LT\u03b2R\u2013Fc fusion protein driven by the human cytomegalovirus promoter results in an array of anatomic abnormalities affecting both the spleen and Peyer\u2019s patches, but not the lymph nodes. These results demonstrate that surface LT\u03b1\u03b2 ligand plays a critical role in normal lymphoid organ development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.23.13102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:43:20Z","timestamp":1027680200000},"page":"13102-13107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Disrupted splenic architecture, but normal lymph node development in mice expressing a soluble lymphotoxin-\u03b2 receptor\u2013IgG1 fusion\u2009protein"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Ettinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142; Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and Department of Immunology, Erasmus University, 3075 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey\u2009L.","family":"Browning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142; Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and Department of Immunology, Erasmus University, 3075 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara\u2009A.","family":"Michie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142; Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and Department of Immunology, Erasmus University, 3075 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"van\u2009Ewijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142; Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and Department of Immunology, Erasmus University, 3075 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh\u2009O.","family":"McDevitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142; Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and Department of Immunology, Erasmus University, 3075 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","first-page":"175","volume":"198","author":"Ware C F","year":"1995","unstructured":"C F Ware, T L VanArsdale, P D Crowe, J L Browning Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 198, 175\u2013218 (1995).","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90116-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90574-A"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8171323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8171322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.4.1685","volume":"155","author":"Banks T A","year":"1995","unstructured":"T A Banks, B T Rouse, M K Kerley, P J Blair, V L Godfrey, N A Kuklin, D M Bouley, J Thomas, S Kanangat, M L Mucenski J Immunol 155, 1685\u20131693 (1995).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90134-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/364798a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/372560a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5699","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.10.5699","volume":"151","author":"Peppel K","year":"1993","unstructured":"K Peppel, A Poltorak, I Melhado, F Jirik, B Beutler J Immunol 151, 5699\u20135703 (1993).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5280","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.11.5280","volume":"155","author":"Force W R","year":"1995","unstructured":"W R Force, B N Walter, C Hession, R Tizard, C A Kozak, J L Browning, C F Ware J Immunol 155, 5280\u20135288 (1995).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.2.661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.6.1483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.8.2657","volume":"147","author":"Lund J","year":"1991","unstructured":"J Lund, G Winter, P T Jones, J D Pound, T Tanaka, M R Walker, P J Artymiuk, Y Arata, D R Burton, R Jefferis, J M Woof J Immunol 147, 2657\u20132662 (1991).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.1.211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rennert D.\u2009P. Browning J.\u2009L. Mebius R. & Hochman P.\u2009S. (1996) J. Exp. Med. 184 in press.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.5.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90156-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.09.040191.003111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62453-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/34.7.3519751"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.15.8618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.6.2753","volume":"152","author":"Majeau G R","year":"1994","unstructured":"G R Majeau, W Meier, B Jimmo, D Kioussis, P S Hochman J Immunol 152, 2753\u20132767 (1994).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.5.3207-3214.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.5.3215-3226.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5253.1289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.1.259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)80566-4"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.93.23.13102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T08:32:35Z","timestamp":1682152355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.93.23.13102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.93.23.13102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.93.23.13102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-09-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}