{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:21:37Z","timestamp":1781108497470,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    HMG I(Y) proteins bind to double-stranded A+T oligonucleotides longer than three base pairs. Such motifs form part of numerous NF-AT-binding sites of lymphokine promoters, including the interleukin 4 (IL-4) promoter. NF-AT factors share short homologous peptide sequences in their DNA-binding domain with NF-\u03baB factors and bind to certain NF-\u03baB sites. It has been shown that HMG I(Y) proteins enhance NF-\u03baB binding to the interferon \u03b2 promoter and virus-mediated interferon \u03b2 promoter induction. We show that HMG I(Y) proteins exert an opposite effect on the DNA binding of NF-AT factors and the induction of the IL-4 promoter in T lymphocytes. Introduction of mutations into a high-affinity HMG I(Y)-binding site of the IL-4 promoter, which decreased HMG I(Y)-binding to a NF-AT-binding sequence, the Pu-b\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    (or P) site, distinctly increased the induction of the IL-4 promoter in Jurkat T leukemia cells. High concentrations of HMG I(Y) proteins are able to displace NF-ATp from its binding to the Pu-b\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    site. High HMG I(Y) concentrations are typical for Jurkat cells and peripheral blood T lymphocytes, whereas El4 T lymphoma cells and certain T helper type 2 cell clones contain relatively low HMG I(Y) concentrations. Our results indicate that HMG I(Y) proteins do not cooperate, but instead compete with NF-AT factors for the binding to DNA even though NF-AT factors share some DNA-binding properties with NF-kB factors. This competition between HMG I(Y) and NF-AT proteins for DNA binding might be due to common contacts with minor groove nucleotides of DNA and may be one mechanism contributing to the selective IL-4 expression in certain T lymphocyte populations, such as T helper type 2 cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.26.15311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:34:16Z","timestamp":1027679656000},"page":"15311-15316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["HMG I(Y) interferes with the DNA binding of NF-AT factors and the induction of the interleukin 4 promoter in T\u2009cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Klein-Hessling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Heinfling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei","family":"Chuvpilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Serfling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(95)00112-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.24.5694"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.13.8.4793-4805.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06300.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4592","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.9.4592","volume":"154","author":"Tara D","year":"1995","unstructured":"D Tara, D L Weiss, M A Brown J Immunol 154, 4592\u20134602 (1995).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5273","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.11.5273","volume":"155","author":"Davydov I V","year":"1995","unstructured":"I V Davydov, P H Krammer, M Li-Weber J Immunol 155, 5273\u20135279 (1995).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90007-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32188-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5572","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.12.5572","volume":"153","author":"Pfeuffer I","year":"1994","unstructured":"I Pfeuffer, S Klein-Hessling, A Heinfling, S Chuvpilo, C Escher, T Brabletz, B Hentsch, H Schwarzenbach, P Matthias, E Serfling J Immunol 153, 5572\u20135585 (1994).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.20.9707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90028-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.25.11623"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.5.1276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00183a043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90554-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90468-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.7.3738"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.3.1786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90136-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(95)80107-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"454","volume":"6","author":"Nordeen S K","year":"1988","unstructured":"S K Nordeen BioTechniques 6, 454 (1988).","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/369497a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235597"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(88)90005-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.15.6419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00271-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb26661.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.18.4259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.1.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90027-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.20.9203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.2.397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.13.6716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.29.17541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(05)80015-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/6.2.179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81299-4"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.93.26.15311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T08:13:33Z","timestamp":1682151213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.93.26.15311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"26","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.93.26.15311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.93.26.15311","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-10-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-12-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}