{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T23:33:12Z","timestamp":1792884792043,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    disease resistance genes\n                    <jats:italic>RPS2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>RPM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    belong to a class of plant\n disease resistance genes that encode proteins that contain an\n N-terminal tripartite nucleotide binding site (NBS) and a C- terminal\n tandem array of leucine-rich repeats.\n                    <jats:italic>RPS2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>RPM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    confer resistance to strains of the bacterial\n phytopathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic>\n                    carrying the\n avirulence genes\n                    <jats:italic>avrRpt2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>avrB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n respectively. In these gene-for-gene relationships, it has been\n proposed that pathogen avirulence genes generate specific ligands that\n are recognized by cognate receptors encoded by the corresponding plant\n resistance genes. To test this hypothesis, it is crucial to know the\n site of the potential molecular recognition. Mutational analysis of\n RPS2 protein and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    translation\/translocation\n studies indicated that RPS2 protein is localized in the plant\n cytoplasm. To determine whether avirulence gene products themselves are\n the ligands for resistance proteins, we expressed the\n                    <jats:italic>avrRpt2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>avrB<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes directly in plant\n cells using a novel quantitative transient expression assay, and found\n that expression of\n                    <jats:italic>avrRpt2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>avrB<\/jats:italic>\n                    elicited a resistance response in plants carrying the corresponding\n resistance genes. This observation indicates that no bacterial factors\n other than the avirulence gene products are required for the specific\n resistance response as long as the avirulence gene products are\n correctly localized. We propose that molecular recognition of\n                    <jats:italic>P.\n syringae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>RPS2-<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>RPM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specified resistance occurs inside of plant cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.26.15497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:35:50Z","timestamp":1027679750000},"page":"15497-15502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Molecular recognition of pathogen attack occurs inside of plant cells in plant disease resistance specified by the\n                    <i>Arabidopsis<\/i>\n                    genes\n                    <i>RPS2\u2009<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>\u2009RPM1<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"R.\u2009Todd","family":"Leister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland,\r Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250; and\r Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital\r and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick\u2009M.","family":"Ausubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland,\r Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250; and\r Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital\r and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiaki","family":"Katagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland,\r Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250; and\r Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital\r and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00015609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90894-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.09.090171.001423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.28.090190.002053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7732374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8091210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90282-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7638602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.15.4859-4869.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"1359","volume":"4","author":"Dangl 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