{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:22:02Z","timestamp":1781108522517,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With efforts underway to develop a preventive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine, it remains unclear which immune responses are sufficient to protect against infection and whether prior HIV-1 immunity can alter the subsequent course of HIV-1 infection. We investigated these issues in the context of a volunteer who received six HIV-1LAI envelope immunizations and 10 weeks thereafter acquired HIV-1 infection through a high-risk sexual exposure. In contrast to nonvaccinated acutely infected individuals, anamnestic HIV-1-specific B- and T-cell responses appeared within 3 weeks in this individual, and neutralizing antibody preceded CD8+ cytotoxic responses. Despite an asymptomatic course and an initial low level of detectable infectious virus, a progressive CD4+ cell decline and dysfunction occurred within 2 years. Although vaccination elicited immunity to HIV-1 envelope, which was recalled upon HIV-1 exposure, it was insufficient to prevent infection and subsequent immunodeficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.9.3972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:52Z","timestamp":1027680052000},"page":"3972-3977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection despite prior immunization with a recombinant envelope vaccine regimen."],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"M J","family":"McElrath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Corey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P D","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T J","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D C","family":"Montefiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Rowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Hood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J I","family":"Mullins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,4,30]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.93.9.3972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T15:05:11Z","timestamp":1649862311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.93.9.3972"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,4,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,4,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.93.9.3972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.93.9.3972","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-04-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}