{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:49:50Z","timestamp":1790938190728,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Repair of oxidative damage to DNA bases is essential to prevent mutations and cell death. Endonuclease III is the major DNA glycosylase activity in\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    that catalyzes the excision of pyrimidines damaged by ring opening or ring saturation, and it also possesses an associated lyase activity that incises the DNA backbone adjacent to apurinic\/apyrimidinic sites. During analysis of the area adjacent to the human tuberous sclerosis gene (\n                    <jats:italic>TSC2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in chromosome region 16p13.3, we identified a gene,\n                    <jats:italic>OCTS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , that encodes a 1-kb transcript. Analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>OCTS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    cDNA clones revealed an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 34.3 kDa that shares extensive sequence similarity with\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    endonuclease III and a related enzyme from\n                    <jats:italic>Schizosaccharomyces pombe<\/jats:italic>\n                    , including a conserved active site region and an iron\/sulfur domain. The product of the\n                    <jats:italic>OCTS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was therefore designated hNTH1 (human endonuclease III homolog 1). The hNTH1 protein was overexpressed in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and purified to apparent homogeneity. The recombinant protein had spectral properties indicative of the presence of an iron\/sulfur cluster, and exhibited DNA glycosylase activity on double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides containing urea and thymine glycol residues, as well as an apurinic\/apyrimidinic lyase activity. Our data indicate that hNTH1 is a structural and functional homolog of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    endonuclease III, and that this class of enzymes, for repair of oxidatively damaged pyrimidines in DNA, is highly conserved in evolution from microorganisms to human cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.1.109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:31:39Z","timestamp":1027679499000},"page":"109-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":219,"title":["Cloning and characterization of a functional human homolog of\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    endonuclease\u2009III"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Aspinwall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit and Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic\u2009G.","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit and Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Roldan-Arjona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit and Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Anselmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit and Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher\u2009J.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit and Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy\u2009P.","family":"Cheadle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit and Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian\u2009R.","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit and Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit and Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter\u2009C.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit and Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian\u2009D.","family":"Hickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit and Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(91)90157-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0596-25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.63.070194.004411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)89086-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.2.474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00083.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1411536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)33759-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/287203a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)91047-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32239-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2420565"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.17.3307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00171a028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.20.10735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90618-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90137-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00436a048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"5370","volume":"13","author":"Walker 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