{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:26:50Z","timestamp":1792625210080,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Simple cladogenetic theory suggests that gene genealogies can be used to detect mixis in a population and delineate reproductively isolated groups within sexual taxa. We have taken this approach in a study of\n                    <jats:italic>Coccidioides immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an ascomycete fungus responsible for a recent epidemic of coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) in California. To test whether this fungus represents a single sexual species throughout its entire geographic range, we have compared genealogies from fragments of five nuclear genes. The five genealogies show multiple incompatibilities indicative of sex, but also share a branch that partitions the isolates into two reproductively isolated taxa, one centered in California and the other outside California. We conclude that coccidioidomycosis can be caused by two distinct noninterbreeding taxa. This result should aid the future study of the disease and illustrates the utility of the genealogical approach in population genetics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.10.5478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:52Z","timestamp":1027680052000},"page":"5478-5482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":257,"title":["Concordance of gene genealogies reveals reproductive isolation in the pathogenic fungus\n                    <i>Coccidioides\u2009immitis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Koufopanou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin","family":"Burt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(90)90123-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/349029a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.10.4384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Experimental and Molecular Approaches to Plant Biosystematics","author":"Maddison W","year":"1995","unstructured":"W Maddison Experimental and Molecular Approaches to Plant Biosystematics, eds P C Hoch, A G Stephenson (Missouri Botanical Gardens, St. Louis), pp. 273\u2013287 (1995)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/283212a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.22.7257-7268.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.21.10163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2383-3_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398760-0.50026-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"45","volume":"7","author":"Avise J C","year":"1990","unstructured":"J C Avise, R M J Ball Oxf Surv Evol Biol 7, 45\u201367 (1990).","journal-title":"Oxf Surv Evol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Medical Mycology","author":"Rippon J W","year":"1988","unstructured":"J W Rippon Medical Mycology (W. 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