{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:24:47Z","timestamp":1781105087695,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the United States, blood donors are being screened for infection with human T cell lymphotropic viruses I and II (HTLV-I\/II) by serologic means, which detect antibodies to the structural proteins of these viruses. Because patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) usually do not have such antibodies even though their cells harbor HTLV-I Tax and\/or pol proviral sequences, it was questioned whether the prevalence of HTLV infection among healthy blood donors may also be underestimated by current means of testing. To examine this possibility, a study on specimens of relatives of mycosis fungoides patients (MFR) was begun. In addition, to collect data more expeditiously, a cohort of former injection drug users (IDUs) was tested by routine serologic methods, as well as by PCR\/Southern blot analysis for Tax, pol, and gag proviral sequences and Western blot analysis for antibodies to the Tax gene product. To date, 6\/8 MFRs and 42\/81 (51.8%) of HIV-negative IDUs proved to be positive for HTLV, whereas routine serology identified none of the MFR and only 18\/81 (22.2%) of the IDUs. Among the latter test subjects, the incidence of HTLV-I also proved to be 10 times higher than expected. Therefore, it is likely that among healthy blood donors infection with HTLV-I\/II is more prevalent than is currently assumed. Since Tax is the transforming sequence of HTLV-I\/II, testing for Tax sequences and antibodies to its gene product may be desirable in blood transfusion and tissue donor facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.12.6403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:31:39Z","timestamp":1027679499000},"page":"6403-6407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Reexamination of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I\/II)\u2009prevalence"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Zucker-Franklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine and the Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bette A.","family":"Pancake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine and the Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Marmor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine and the Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia M.","family":"Legler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine and the Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.6.2031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Gann Monograph on Cancer Res. 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