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Immunization of mice with these hybrid pseudoparticles, without adjuvant, induced strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against both peptide-coated- or virus-infected-target cells. This CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    class I-restricted cytotoxic activity persisted\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    for at least 9 months. Furthermore, the hybrid parvovirus-like particles were able to induce a complete protection of mice against a lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. To our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration that hybrid nonreplicative VLP carrying a single viral CTL epitope can induce protection against a viral lethal challenge, in the absence of any adjuvant. These recombinant particles containing a single type of protein are easily produced by the baculovirus expression system and, therefore, represent a promising and safe strategy to induce strong CTL responses for the elimination of virus-infected cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.14.7503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:31:44Z","timestamp":1027679504000},"page":"7503-7508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Recombinant parvovirus-like particles as an antigen carrier: A novel nonreplicative exogenous antigen to elicit protective antiviral cytotoxic\u2009T\u2009cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Sedlik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des R\u00e9gulations Immunitaires and Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Histopathologie\u2013Virologie Exp\u00e9rimentale, Institut 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