{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:39:41Z","timestamp":1791286781771,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Correlates of virus load and characteristics of virus-producing cells in tonsillar tissue were investigated. Our results suggest that when less than 1:100 tonsillar CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells from individuals infected with HIV type-1 (HIV-1) contain replication competent provirus, the level of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in tonsils is comparable to that observed in uninfected individuals. Virus load at or above this level was associated with low CD4 cell numbers in tonsillar tissue. Only a few percent of all infected T cells in tonsillar tissue were active virus producers, with minor differences observed between individuals. Plasma viremia was found to correlate with infectious virus load in tonsillar tissue. With less than 1:1,000 of CD4 cells in lymphoid tissues being involved in active virus production, direct cytopathic effect by HIV-1 on infected CD4 cells is unlikely to fully explain the immunodeficiency seen in AIDS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.17.9332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:31:44Z","timestamp":1027679504000},"page":"9332-9336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Correlates of latent and productive HIV type-1 infection in tonsillar CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T\u2009cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"B\u00e5rd","family":"R\u00f8sok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Research in Virology, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Transplantation Immunology, The National Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; and Clinic of Infectious Disease Prevention, Bergen Community Health Service, and Departments of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery and Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan E.","family":"Brinchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Research in Virology, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Transplantation Immunology, The National Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; and Clinic of Infectious Disease Prevention, Bergen Community Health Service, and Departments of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery and Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Voltersvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Research in Virology, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Transplantation Immunology, The National Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; and Clinic of Infectious Disease Prevention, Bergen Community Health Service, and Departments of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery and Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Olofsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Research in Virology, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Transplantation Immunology, The National Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; and Clinic of Infectious Disease Prevention, Bergen Community Health Service, and Departments of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery and Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Bostad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Research in Virology, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Transplantation Immunology, The National Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; and Clinic of Infectious Disease Prevention, Bergen Community Health Service, and Departments of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery and Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"\u212bsj\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Research in Virology, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Transplantation Immunology, The National Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway; and Clinic of Infectious Disease Prevention, Bergen Community Health Service, and Departments of Otolaryngology, 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