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In this study, we show that AIDS\u2013KS cell lines express higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor\/vascular permeability factor (VEGF\/VGF) than either human umbilical vein endothelial cells or human aortic smooth muscle cells. AIDS\u2013KS cells and primary tumor tissues also expressed high levels of Flt-1 and KDR, the receptors for VEGF, while the normal skin of the same patients did not show any expression. We further demonstrate that VEGF antisense oligonucleotides AS-1 and AS-3 specifically block VEGF mRNA and protein production and inhibit KS cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, growth of KS cells in nude mice was specifically inhibited by VEGF antisense oligonucleotides. These results show that VEGF is an autocrine growth factor for AIDS\u2013KS cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows that VEGF acts as a growth stimulator in a human tumor. Inhibitors of VEGF or its cognate receptors may thus be candidates for therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.3.979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:52Z","timestamp":1027680052000},"page":"979-984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":224,"title":["Vascular endothelial growth factor\/vascular permeability factor is an autocrine growth factor for AIDS\u2013Kaposi\u2009sarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Rizwan","family":"Masood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and 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