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The full-length sequence (designated\n                    <jats:italic>Ov-tmy-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) obtained by PCR amplification, codes for a protein of 33 kDa and shares 91% identity with tropomyosins from other nematodes, falling to 57% identity with human \u03b1-tropomyosin.\n                    <jats:italic>Ov-<\/jats:italic>\n                    TMY-1 migrates with an apparent molecular mass of 42 kDa on SDS\/PAGE and is present in all life-cycle stages, as determined by immunoblotting. Immunogold electron microscopy identified antigenic sites within muscle blocks and the cuticle of microfilariae and infective larvae. Anti-MOv14 antibodies were abundant in mice exhibiting serum-transferable protection against microfilariae conferred by vaccination with a PBS-soluble parasite extract. In contrast, little or no MOv14-specific antibody was present in mice inoculated with live microfilariae, in which resistance is mediated by antibody-independent mechanisms. In human infections, there was an inverse correlation between anti-tropomyosin IgG levels and densities of microfilariae in the skin. Seropositivity varied with the relative endemicity of infection. An immunodominant B cell epitope within\n                    <jats:italic>Ov-<\/jats:italic>\n                    TMY-1 (AQLLAEEADRKYD) was mapped to the N terminus of the MOv14 protein by using sera from protectively vaccinated mice. Intriguingly, the sequence coincides with an IgE-binding epitope within shrimp tropomyosin, believed to be responsible for hypersensitivity in individuals exhibiting allergy to shellfish. IgG and IgE antibodies reacting with the\n                    <jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic>\n                    epitope were detected in human infections. It is concluded that antibody responses to tropomyosin may be important in limiting microfilarial densities in a proportion of individuals with onchocerciasis and have the potential to mediate hypersensitivity reactions to dead microfilariae, raising the possibility of a link with the immunopathology of infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.13.7550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:11Z","timestamp":1027680011000},"page":"7550-7555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Tropomyosin implicated in host protective responses to microfilariae in onchocerciasis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Rosalind E.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United 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