{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:20:45Z","timestamp":1792740045835,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) -associated myelopathy\/tropic spastic paraparesis is a demyelinating inflammatory neurologic disease associated with HTLV-1 infection. HTLV-1 Tax11\u201319-specific cytotoxic T cells have been isolated from HLA-A2-positive patients. We have used a peptide-loaded soluble HLA-A2\u2013Ig complex to directly visualize HTLV-1 Tax11\u201319-specific T cells from peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid without\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    stimulation. Five of six HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropic spastic paraparesis patients carried a significant number (up to 13.87%) of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    lymphocytes specific for the HTLV-1 Tax11\u201319 peptide in their peripheral blood, which were not found in healthy controls. Simultaneous comparison of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from one patient revealed 2.5-fold more Tax11\u201319-specific T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (23.7% vs. 9.4% in peripheral blood lymphocyte). Tax11\u201319-specific T cells were seen consistently over a 9-yr time course in one patient as far as 19 yrs after the onset of clinical symptoms. Further analysis of HTLV-1 Tax11\u201319-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocytes in HAM\/TSP patients showed different expression patterns of activation markers, intracellular TNF-\u03b1 and \u03b3-interferon depending on the severity of the disease. Thus, visualization of antigen-specific T cells demonstrates that HTLV-1 Tax11\u201319-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells are activated, persist during the chronic phase of the disease, and accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid, showing their pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this neurologic disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.13.7568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:11Z","timestamp":1027680011000},"page":"7568-7573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":200,"title":["Direct visualization of antigen-specific T cells: HTLV-1 Tax11\u201319- specific CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T cells are activated in peripheral blood and accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid from HAM\/TSP patients"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Tim F.","family":"Greten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 364, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Viral Neuroimmunology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Building 10, Room 5B-16, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill E.","family":"Slansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 364, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Viral Neuroimmunology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Building 10, Room 5B-16, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 364, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Viral Neuroimmunology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Building 10, Room 5B-16, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha S.","family":"Soldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 364, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Viral Neuroimmunology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Building 10, Room 5B-16, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Jaffee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 364, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Viral Neuroimmunology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Building 10, Room 5B-16, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Leist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 364, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Viral Neuroimmunology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Building 10, Room 5B-16, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew M.","family":"Pardoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 364, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Viral Neuroimmunology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Building 10, Room 5B-16, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 364, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Viral Neuroimmunology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Building 10, Room 5B-16, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Schneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 364, Baltimore, MD 21205; and Viral Neuroimmunology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Building 10, Room 5B-16, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V50.3.481.481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92734-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91298-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91984-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"261","volume-title":"The Neuropathology of HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy in Japan: Report of an Autopsy Case and Review of the Literature","author":"Izumo S","year":"1988","unstructured":"S Izumo, K Usuku, M Osame, K Machigashira, M Johnsonso, M Nakagawa The Neuropathology of HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy in Japan: Report of an Autopsy Case and Review of the Literature, eds G C Roman, J C Vernant, M Osame (Alan R. 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