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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Theories of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have implicated the hippocampus, but controversy remains regarding hippocampal abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies of hippocampal anatomy using high resolution magnetic resonance scanning and manual methods for volumetric measurement have yielded inconclusive results, perhaps because of the normal variability in hippocampal volume and the error involved in manual measurement techniques. To resolve this controversy, high dimensional transformations of a computerized brain template were used to compare hippocampal volumes and shape characteristics in 15 matched pairs of schizophrenia and control subjects. The transformations were derived from principles of general pattern matching and were constrained according to the physical properties of fluids. The analysis and comparison of hippocampal shapes based on these transformations were far superior to the comparison of hippocampal volumes or other global indices of hippocampal anatomy in showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups. In the schizophrenia subjects, hippocampal shape deformations were found to be localized to subregions of the structure that send projections to prefrontal cortex. The results of this study demonstrate that abnormalities of hippocampal anatomy occur in schizophrenia and support current hypotheses that schizophrenia involves a disturbance of hippocampal\u2013prefrontal connections. These results also show that comparisons of neuroanatomical shapes can be more informative than volume comparisons for identifying individuals with neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.19.11406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:11Z","timestamp":1027680011000},"page":"11406-11411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":350,"title":["Hippocampal morphometry in schizophrenia by high dimensional brain mapping"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"John G.","family":"Csernansky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Radiology, and Electrical Engineering and Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, and Metropolitan St. Louis Psychiatric Center, St. Louis, MO 63130; Department of Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; and Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarang","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Radiology, and Electrical Engineering and Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, and Metropolitan St. Louis Psychiatric Center, St. Louis, MO 63130; Department of Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; and Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Radiology, and Electrical Engineering and Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, and Metropolitan St. Louis Psychiatric Center, St. Louis, MO 63130; Department of Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; and Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Radiology, and Electrical Engineering and Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, and Metropolitan St. Louis Psychiatric Center, St. Louis, MO 63130; Department of Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; and Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mokhtar","family":"Gado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Radiology, and Electrical Engineering and Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, and Metropolitan St. Louis Psychiatric Center, St. Louis, MO 63130; Department of Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; and Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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