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Three keratinocyte strains bearing mutations in the keratinocyte transglutaminase were examined: two contained no detectable transglutaminase mRNA and none contained active enzyme. All three were unable to form cross-linked envelopes, either spontaneously in stratified cultures or upon induction with Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Although stratum corneum of normal humans and scales from patients with different ichthyotic diseases contain cross-linked envelopes, those from patients with transglutaminase-negative lamellar ichthyosis do not. Therefore, the disease due to the absence of transglutaminase may be readily distinguished from other ichthyotic diseases by a simple test for cross-linked envelopes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.2.687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:42:40Z","timestamp":1027680160000},"page":"687-690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Inability of keratinocytes lacking their specific transglutaminase to form cross-linked envelopes: Absence of envelopes as a simple diagnostic test for\u2009lamellar\u2009ichthyosis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Saewha","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche sur l\u2019Endocrinologie Mol\u00e9culaire et le D\u00e9veloppement, 9 rue Jules Hetzel, 92190 Meudon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Djian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; 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