{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:21:34Z","timestamp":1791332494112,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The high-\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    glucose transporter, GLUT-2, and the high-\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    hexokinase of \u03b2 cells, glucokinase (GK), are required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). GLUT-2 expression in \u03b2 cells of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats is profoundly reduced at the onset of \u03b2-cell dysfunction of diabetes. Because ZDF rats are homozygous for a mutation in their leptin receptor (OB-R) gene and are therefore leptin-insensitive, we expressed the wild-type OB-R gene in diabetic islets by infusing a recombinant adenovirus (AdCMV-OB-Rb) to determine whether this reversed the abnormalities. Leptin induced a rise in phosphorylated STAT3, indicating that the transferred wild-type OB-R was functional. GLUT-2 protein rose 17-fold in AdCMV-OB-Rb-treated ZDF islets without leptin, and leptin caused no further rise. GK protein rose 7-fold without and 12-fold with leptin. Preproinsulin mRNA increased 64% without leptin and rose no further with leptin, but leptin was required to restore GSIS. Clofibrate and 9-\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -retinoic acid, the partner ligands for binding to peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor \u03b1 (PPAR\u03b1) and retinoid X receptor, up-regulated GLUT-2 expression in islets of normal rats, but not in ZDF rats, in which PPAR\u03b1 is very low. Because the fat content of islets of diabetic ZDF rats remains high unless they are treated with leptin, it appears that restoration of GSIS requires normalization of intracellular nutrient homeostasis, whereas up-regulation of GLUT-2 and GK is leptin-independent, requiring only high expression of OB-Rb.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:11Z","timestamp":1027680011000},"page":"11921-11926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Overexpression of leptin receptors in pancreatic islets of Zucker diabetic fatty rats restores GLUT-2, glucokinase, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"May-Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gifford Laboratories, Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gifford Laboratories, Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michio","family":"Shimabukuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gifford Laboratories, Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mangelsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gifford Laboratories, Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Newgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gifford Laboratories, Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger H.","family":"Unger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gifford Laboratories, Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2665080"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmr.5610020301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39181-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"191","volume":"4","author":"Newgard C B","year":"1996","unstructured":"C B Newgard Diabetes Rev 4, 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Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T17:00:59Z","timestamp":1649869259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,29]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11921","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-08-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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