{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:33:32Z","timestamp":1790645612506,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:italic>microrchidia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic>morc<\/jats:italic>\n                    , autosomal recessive mutation results in the arrest of spermatogenesis early in prophase I of meiosis. The\n                    <jats:italic>morc<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation arose spontaneously during the development of a mouse strain transgenic for a tyrosinase cDNA construct.\n                    <jats:italic>Morc<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2212\/\u2212 males are infertile and have grossly reduced testicular mass, whereas \u2212\/\u2212 females are normal, indicating that the\n                    <jats:italic>Morc<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene acts specifically during male gametogenesis. Immunofluorescence to synaptonemal complex antigens demonstrated that \u2212\/\u2212 male germ cells enter meiosis but fail to progress beyond zygotene or leptotene stage. An apoptosis assay revealed massive numbers of cells undergoing apoptosis in testes of \u2212\/\u2212 mice. No other abnormal phenotype was observed in mutant animals, with the exception of eye pigmentation caused by transgene expression in the retina. Spermatogenesis is normal in +\/\u2212 males, despite significant transgene expression in germ cells. Genomic analysis of \u2212\/\u2212 animals indicates the presence of a deletion adjacent to the transgene. Identification of the gene inactivated by the transgene insertion may define a novel biochemical pathway involved in mammalian germ cell development and meiosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:42:40Z","timestamp":1027680160000},"page":"14361-14366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Identification of\n                    <i>morc<\/i>\n                    (\n                    <i>microrchidia<\/i>\n                    ), a mutation that results in arrest of spermatogenesis at an early meiotic stage in the mouse"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Watson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Zinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norimitsu","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl D.","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Handel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Halaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clark C.","family":"Duchene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George M.","family":"Albright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall W.","family":"Moreadith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine and The Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81834-6","volume":"88","author":"Sassone-Corsi P","year":"1997","unstructured":"P Sassone-Corsi Cell 88, 163\u2013166 (1997).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Spermatogenesis Genetic Aspects","author":"Handel M A","year":"1987","unstructured":"M A Handel Spermatogenesis Genetic Aspects, ed W Henning (Springer, Berlin) 15, 1\u201352 (1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3109\/01677069309083452","volume":"9","author":"Vogelweid C M","year":"1993","unstructured":"C M Vogelweid, T Verina, J Norton, R Harruff, B Ghetti J Neurogenet 9, 89\u2013104 (1993).","journal-title":"J Neurogenet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/380159a0","volume":"380","author":"Nantel F","year":"1996","unstructured":"F Nantel, L Monaco, N S Foulkes, D Masquilier, M LeMeur, K Henriksen, A Dierich, M Parvinen, P Sassone-Corsi Nature (London) 380, 159\u2013162 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/380162a0","volume":"380","author":"Blendy J A","year":"1996","unstructured":"J A Blendy, K H Kaestner, G F Weinbauer, E Nieschlag, G Schutz Nature (London) 380, 162\u2013165 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/386713a0","volume":"386","author":"Toscani A","year":"1997","unstructured":"A Toscani, R V Mettus, R Coupland, H Simpkins, J Litvin, J Orth, K S Hatton, E P Reddy Nature (London) 386, 713\u2013717 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.8.3264","volume":"93","author":"Dix D J","year":"1996","unstructured":"D J Dix, J W Allen, B W Collins, C Mori, N Nakamura, P Poormanallen, E H Goulding, E M Eddy Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 3264\u20133268 (1996).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90318-6","volume":"82","author":"Baker S M","year":"1995","unstructured":"S M Baker, C E Bronner, L Zhang, A W Plug, M Robatzek, G Warren, E A Elliott, J Yu, T Ashley, N Arnheim, et al. Cell 82, 309\u2013319 (1995).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/356215a0","volume":"356","author":"Donehower L A","year":"1992","unstructured":"L A Donehower, M Harvey, B L Slagle, M J McArthur, C A Montgomery, J S Butel, A Bradley Nature (London) 356, 215\u2013221 (1992).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","volume-title":"Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual","author":"Hogan B","year":"1994","unstructured":"B Hogan, R Beddington, F Constantini, E Lacy Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, Plainview, NY, 1994)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)35295-X","volume":"266","author":"Jimenez M","year":"1991","unstructured":"M Jimenez, K Tsukamoto, V J Hearing J Biol Chem 266, 1147\u20131156 (1991).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(199704)46:4<489::AID-MRD7>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"46","author":"Cobb J","year":"1997","unstructured":"J Cobb, R K Reddy, C Park, M A Handel Mol Reprod Dev 46, 489\u2013498 (1997).","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.10.2749","volume":"107","author":"Dobson M J","year":"1994","unstructured":"M J Dobson, R E Pearlman, A Karaiskakis, B Spyropoulos, P B Moens J Cell Sci 107, 2749\u20132760 (1994).","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092420114","volume":"242","author":"Mori C","year":"1995","unstructured":"C Mori, N Nakamura, S Kimura, H Irie, T Takigawa, K Shiota Anat Rec 242, 103\u2013110 (1995).","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.97.2.480","volume":"97","author":"Halaban R","year":"1983","unstructured":"R Halaban, S H Pomerantz, S Marshall, D T Lambert, A B Lerner J Cell Biol 97, 480\u2013488 (1983).","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual","author":"Sambrook J","year":"1989","unstructured":"J Sambrook, E F Fritsch, T Maniatis Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 2nd Ed., Plainview, NY, 1989).","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1997.5010","volume":"45","author":"Maltais L J","year":"1997","unstructured":"L J Maltais, J A Blake, J T Eppig, M T Davisson Genomics 45, 471\u2013476 (1997).","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-7-7-493","volume":"7","author":"del Castillo E B","year":"1947","unstructured":"E B del Castillo, A Trabucco, F A De la Balze J Clin Endocrinol 7, 493\u2013500 (1947).","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)37035-2","volume":"20","author":"Girgis S M","year":"1969","unstructured":"S M Girgis, A N Etriby, A A Ibrahim, S A Kahil Fertil Steril 20, 467\u2013477 (1969).","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"151","volume":"95","author":"Wong T W","year":"1973","unstructured":"T W Wong, F H d Straus, N E Warner Arch Pathol 95, 151\u2013159 (1973).","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","volume":"25","author":"Altschul S F","year":"1997","unstructured":"S F Altschul, T L Madden, A A Schaffer, J Zhang, Z Zhang, W Miller, D J Lipman Nucleic Acids Res 25, 3389\u20133402 (1997).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","volume":"215","author":"Altschul S F","year":"1990","unstructured":"S F Altschul, W Gish, W Miller, E W Myers, D J Lipman J Mol Biol 215, 403\u2013410 (1990).","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5338.675","volume":"278","author":"Lahn B T","year":"1997","unstructured":"B T Lahn, D C Page Science 278, 675\u2013680 (1997).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5913-9_2","volume":"424","author":"Vogt P H","year":"1997","unstructured":"P H Vogt Adv Exp Med Biol 424, 17\u201330 (1997).","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/37987","volume":"389","author":"Ruggiu M","year":"1997","unstructured":"M Ruggiu, R Speed, M Taggart, S J McKay, F Kilanowski, P Saunders, J Dorin, H J Cooke Nature (London) 389, 73\u201377 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.65.070196.000533","volume":"65","author":"Modrich P","year":"1996","unstructured":"P Modrich, R Lahue Annu Rev Biochem 65, 101\u2013133 (1996).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81312-4","volume":"85","author":"Edelmann W","year":"1996","unstructured":"W Edelmann, P E Cohen, M Kane, K Lau, B Morrow, S Bennett, A Umar, T Kunkel, G Cattoretti, R Chaganti, et al. Cell 85, 1125\u20131134 (1996).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80086-0","volume":"86","author":"Barlow C","year":"1996","unstructured":"C Barlow, S Hirotsune, R Paylor, M Liyanage, M Eckhaus, F Collins, Y Shiloh, J N Crawley, T Ried, D Tagle, A Wynshaw-Boris Cell 86, 159\u2013171 (1996).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.19.2411","volume":"10","author":"Xu Y","year":"1996","unstructured":"Y Xu, T Ashley, E E Brainerd, R T Bronson, M S Meyn, D Baltimore Genes Dev 10, 2411\u20132422 (1996).","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13084","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.23.13084","volume":"93","author":"Elson A","year":"1996","unstructured":"A Elson, Y Wang, C J Daugherty, C C Morton, F Zhou, J Campos-Torres, P Leder Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 13084\u201313089 (1996).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1297-423","volume":"17","author":"Connor F","year":"1997","unstructured":"F Connor, D Bertwistle, P J Mee, G M Ross, S Swift, E Grigorieva, V L Tybulewicz, A Ashworth Nat Genet 17, 423\u2013430 (1997).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.19.2423","volume":"10","author":"Keegan K S","year":"1996","unstructured":"K S Keegan, D A Holtzman, A W Plug, E R Christenson, E E Brainerd, G Flaggs, N J Bentley, E M Taylor, M S Meyn, S B Moss, et al. Genes Dev 10, 2423\u20132437 (1996).","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1297-462","volume":"17","author":"Barlow C","year":"1997","unstructured":"C Barlow, M Liyanage, P B Moens, C X Deng, T Ried, A Wynshaw-Boris Nat Genet 17, 462\u2013466 (1997).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0398-251","volume":"18","author":"Ross A J","year":"1998","unstructured":"A J Ross, K G Waymire, J E Moss, A F Parlow, M K Skinner, L D Russell, G R MacGregor Nat Genet 18, 251\u2013256 (1998).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00340602","volume":"41","author":"Roosen-Runge E C","year":"1955","unstructured":"E C Roosen-Runge Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 41, 221\u2013235 (1955).","journal-title":"Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0350339","volume":"35","author":"Roosen-Runge E C","year":"1973","unstructured":"E C Roosen-Runge J Reprod Fertil 35, 339\u2013348 (1973).","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Perspectives on Mammalian Cell Death","author":"Allan D J","year":"1987","unstructured":"D J Allan, B V Harmon, J F R Kerr Perspectives on Mammalian Cell Death, ed C S Potten (Oxford Univ. Press, London), pp. 229\u2013258 (1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0398-202","volume":"18","author":"Braun R E","year":"1998","unstructured":"R E Braun Nat Genet 18, 202\u2013204 (1998).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(199707)47:3<240::AID-MRD2>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"47","author":"Beumer T L","year":"1997","unstructured":"T L Beumer, H L Roepersgajadien, I S Gademan, D H Rutgers, D G Derooij Mol Reprod Dev 47, 240\u2013247 (1997).","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0398-257","volume":"18","author":"Odorisio T","year":"1998","unstructured":"T Odorisio, T A Rodriguez, E P Evans, A R Clarke, P S Burgoyne Nat Genet 18, 257\u2013261 (1998).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/135.2.489","volume":"135","author":"Castrillon D H","year":"1993","unstructured":"D H Castrillon, P Gonczy, S Alexander, R Rawson, C G Eberhart, S Viswanathan, S DiNardo, S A Wasserman Genetics 135, 489\u2013505 (1993).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8787","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8787","volume":"88","author":"Pellas T C","year":"1991","unstructured":"T C Pellas, B Ramachandran, M Duncan, S S Pan, M Marone, K Chada Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88, 8787\u20138791 (1991).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/318036a0","volume":"318","author":"Woychik R P","year":"1985","unstructured":"R P Woychik, T A Stewart, L G Davis, P D\u2019Eustachio, P Leder Nature (London) 318, 36\u201340 (1985).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/36285","volume":"390","author":"Kuro-o M","year":"1997","unstructured":"M Kuro-o, Y Matsumura, H Aizawa, H Kawaguchi, T Suga, T Utsugi, Y Ohyama, M Kurabayashi, T Kaname, E Kume, et al. Nature (London) 390, 45\u201351 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/346850a0","volume":"346","author":"Woychik R P","year":"1990","unstructured":"R P Woychik, R L Maas, R Zeller, T F Vogt, P Leder Nature (London) 346, 850\u2013853 (1990).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14361","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T22:57:48Z","timestamp":1654556268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,24]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14361","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-09-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-11-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}