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In both cases, the inhibition was mediated apparently by a cAMP-dependent mechanism, because the inhibition was enhanced by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine in proportion to increases in intracellular cAMP levels, and the inhibition was abolished by selective inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. If confirmed in clinical trials, this antiproliferative action of vasoactive intestinal peptide may offer a new and promising means of suppressing SCLC in human subjects, without the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:11Z","timestamp":1027680011000},"page":"14373-14378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits human small-cell lung cancer proliferation\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Kaname","family":"Maruno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center Stony Brook, NY 11768-2290, and State University of New York, Health Sciences Center 17-040, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8172"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afaf","family":"Absood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center Stony Brook, NY 11768-2290, and State University of New York, Health Sciences Center 17-040, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8172"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami I.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center Stony Brook, NY 11768-2290, and State University of New York, Health Sciences Center 17-040, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8172"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"1485","volume-title":"Textbook of Respiratory Medicine","author":"Chia M M","year":"1994","unstructured":"M M Chia, A F Gazdar, D P Carbone, J P Minna Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, eds J Murray, J Nadel (Saunders, 2nd Ed., Philadelphia), pp. 1485\u20131503 (1994).","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/316823a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.169.3951.1217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(90)90158-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(93)90640-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1214","volume":"46","author":"Korman L Y","year":"1986","unstructured":"L Y Korman, D N Carney, M L Citron, T W Moody Cancer Res 46, 1214\u20131218 (1986).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"3502","volume":"40","author":"Gazdar A F","year":"1980","unstructured":"A F Gazdar, D N Carney, E K Russell, H L Sims, S B Baylin, P A Bunn, J G Guccion, J D Minna Cancer Res 40, 3502\u20133507 (1980).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"2913","volume":"45","author":"Carney D N","year":"1985","unstructured":"D N Carney, A F Gazdar, G Bepler, J G Guccion, P J Marangos, T W Moody, M H Zweig, J D Minna Cancer Res 45, 2913\u20132923 (1985).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"4356","volume":"40","author":"Simms E","year":"1980","unstructured":"E Simms, A F Gazdar, P G Abrams, J D Minna Cancer Res 40, 4356\u20134363 (1980).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(87)90143-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.3.901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"1798","volume":"51","author":"Mahmoud S","year":"1991","unstructured":"S Mahmoud, J Staley, J Teylor, A Bogenden, J P Moreau, D Coy, I Avis, F Cuttitta, J L Mulshine, T W Moody Cancer Res 51, 1798\u20131802 (1991).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118672"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(93)90019-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"4554","volume":"52","author":"Langdon S","year":"1992","unstructured":"S Langdon, T Sethi, A Ritchie, M Muir, J Smyth, E Rozengurt Cancer Res 52, 4554\u20134557 (1992).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"2831","volume":"51","author":"Siegall C B","year":"1991","unstructured":"C B Siegall, R J Kreitman, D J FitzGerald, I Pastan Cancer Res 51, 2831\u20132836 (1991).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(93)90036-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"Moody T. 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