{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:52:20Z","timestamp":1790423540900,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"25","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To determine the dynamics of transcript extrusion from\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    RNA polymerase (RNAP), we used degradation of the RNA by RNases T1 and A in a series of consecutive elongation complexes (ECs). In intact ECs, even extremely high doses of the RNases were unable to cut the RNA closer than 14\u201316 nt from the 3\u2032 end. Our results prove that all of the cuts detected within the 14-nt zone are derived from the EC that is denatured during inactivation of the RNases. The protected zone monotonously translocates along the RNA after addition of new nucleotides to the transcript. The upstream region of the RNA heading toward the 5\u2032 end is cleaved and dissociated from the EC, with no effect on the stability and activity of the EC. Most of the current data suggest that an 8- to 10-nt RNA\u22c5DNA hybrid is formed in the EC. Here, we show that an 8- to 10-nt RNA obtained by truncating the RNase-generated products further with either GreB or pyrophosphate is sufficient for the high stability and activity of the EC. This result suggests that the transcript\u2013RNAP interaction that is required for holding the EC together can be limited to the RNA region involved in the 8- to 10-nt RNA\u22c5DNA hybrid.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:11Z","timestamp":1027680011000},"page":"14699-14704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Functional topography of nascent RNA in elongation intermediates of RNA polymerase"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Komissarova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced BioScience Laboratories-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Kashlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced BioScience Laboratories-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.66.1.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1241","volume-title":"Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology","author":"Yager T D","year":"1987","unstructured":"T D Yager, P von Hippel Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology, eds F C Neidhardt, J L Ingraham, K B Low, B Magasanik, M Schaechter, H E Umbarger (Am. Soc. Microbiol., Washington, DC), pp. 1241\u20131275 (1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"822","volume-title":"Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology","author":"Richardson J P","year":"1996","unstructured":"J P Richardson, J Greenblatt Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology, eds F C Neidhardt, R Curtiss, J L Ingraham, E C Lin, K B Low, B Magasanik, W S Reznikoff, M Riley, M Schaechter, H E Umbarger (Am. Soc. Microbiol., 2nd Ed., Washington, DC), pp. 822\u2013848 (1996).","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81919-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.62.070193.004333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Transcription: Mechanisms and Regulation","author":"Chan C L","year":"1994","unstructured":"C L Chan, R Landick Transcription: Mechanisms and Regulation, eds R C Conaway, J W Conaway (Raven, New York), pp. 297\u2013321 (1994)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)41569-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(92)90862-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.14.6935"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00486a015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.14.4238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(82)90092-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00218a032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"1","volume":"88","author":"Chamberlin M J","year":"1994","unstructured":"M J Chamberlin Harvey Lect 88, 1\u201321 (1994).","journal-title":"Harvey Lect"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.3784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)31752-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49487-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(96)74028-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.5.1755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90121-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.24.15329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(93)90340-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90387-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31788-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.10.4596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.1997.10508189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80123-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8047884"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5272.211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80113-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(82)80323-2"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T16:59:47Z","timestamp":1649869187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14699","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-06-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-12-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}