{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:37:42Z","timestamp":1791214662695,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in physiological blood vessel formation and pathological angiogenesis such as tumor growth and ischemic diseases. Hypoxia is a potent inducer of VEGF\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here we demonstrate that VEGF is induced\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    by exposing mice to systemic hypoxia. VEGF induction was highest in brain, but also occurred in kidney, testis, lung, heart, and liver.\n                    <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridization analysis revealed that a distinct subset of cells within a given organ, such as glial cells and neurons in brain, tubular cells in kidney, and Sertoli cells in testis, responded to the hypoxic stimulus with an increase in VEGF expression. Surprisingly, however, other cells at sites of constitutive VEGF expression in normal adult tissues, such as epithelial cells in the choroid plexus and kidney glomeruli, decreased VEGF expression in response to the hypoxic stimulus. Furthermore, in addition to VEGF itself, expression of VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), but not VEGFR-2, was induced by hypoxia in endothelial cells of lung, heart, brain, kidney, and liver. VEGF itself was never found to be up-regulated in endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions, consistent with its paracrine action during normoxia. Our results show that the response to hypoxia\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    is differentially regulated at the level of specific cell types or layers in certain organs. In these tissues, up- or down-regulation of VEGF and VEGFR-1 during hypoxia may influence their oxygenation after angiogenesis or modulate vascular permeability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.26.15809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:32:33Z","timestamp":1027679553000},"page":"15809-15814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":336,"title":["Systemic hypoxia changes the organ-specific distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Hugo H.","family":"Marti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Physiological and Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, 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