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Of the 11 cases of long-term visual memory loss found in the literature, all had amnesia extending beyond a loss of visual memory, often including a near total loss of pretraumatic episodic memory. Of the 6 cases in which both the severity of retrograde and anterograde amnesia and the temporal gradient of the retrograde amnesia were noted, 4 had a more severe retrograde amnesia with no temporal gradient and 2 had a less severe retrograde amnesia with a temporal gradient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.9.5413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:42:40Z","timestamp":1027680160000},"page":"5413-5416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Visual memory-deficit amnesia: A distinct amnesic presentation and etiology"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"David C.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0086"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0086"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","volume-title":"Elements of Episodic Memory","author":"Tulving E","year":"1983","unstructured":"E Tulving Elements of Episodic Memory (Oxford Univ. 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