{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:53:41Z","timestamp":1781103221936,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    pneumonia (PcP) remains among the most prevalent opportunistic infections among AIDS patients. Currently, drugs used clinically for deep mycosis act by binding ergosterol or disrupting its biosynthesis. Although classified as a fungus,\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    lacks ergosterol. Instead, the pathogen synthesizes a number of distinct \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 24-alkylsterols, despite the abundance of cholesterol, which it can scavenge from the lung alveolus. Thus, the pathogen-specific sterols appear vital for organism survival and proliferation. In the present study, high concentrations of a C\n                    <jats:sub>32<\/jats:sub>\n                    sterol were found in human-derived\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The definitive structural identities of two C-24 alkylated lanosterol compounds, previously not reported for rat-derived\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were determined by using GLC, MS, and NMR spectroscopy together with the chemical syntheses of authentic standards. The C\n                    <jats:sub>31<\/jats:sub>\n                    and C\n                    <jats:sub>32<\/jats:sub>\n                    sterols were identified as euphorbol (24-methylenelanost-8-en-3\u03b2-ol) and pneumocysterol [(24\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    )-ethylidenelanost-8-en-3\u03b2-ol], respectively. The identification of these and other 24-alkylsterols in\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                    suggests that (\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) sterol C-24 methyltransferase activities are extraordinarily high in this organism, (\n                    <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) 24-alkylsterols are important components of the pathogen\u2019s membranes, because the addition of these side groups onto the sterol side chain requires substantial ATP equivalents, and (\n                    <jats:italic>iii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) the inefficacy of azole drugs against\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    can be explained by the ability of this organism to form 24-alkysterols before demethylation of the lanosterol nucleus. Because mammals cannot form 24-alkylsterols, their biosyntheses in\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    are attractive targets for the development of chemotherapeutic strategies against this opportunistic infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.1.97","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:52Z","timestamp":1027680052000},"page":"97-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pneumocysterol [(24\n                    <i>Z<\/i>\n                    )-ethylidenelanost-8-en-3\u03b2-ol], a rare sterol detected in the opportunistic pathogen\n                    <i>Pneumocystis carinii hominis<\/i>\n                    : Structural identity and chemical synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Edna S.","family":"Kaneshiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Sciences Center, Syracuse, NY 13210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunika","family":"Amit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Sciences Center, Syracuse, NY 13210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mardie M.","family":"Swonger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Sciences Center, Syracuse, NY 13210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George P.","family":"Kreishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Sciences Center, Syracuse, NY 13210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elwood E.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Sciences Center, Syracuse, NY 13210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Kreishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Sciences Center, Syracuse, NY 13210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koka","family":"Jayasimhulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Sciences Center, Syracuse, NY 13210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Parish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Sciences Center, Syracuse, NY 13210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; 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