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Second, response amplitude to rapidly successive and brief stimuli that were identical or that differed significantly in frequency were substantially weaker in poor readers compared with controls, for interstimulus intervals of 100 or 200 ms, but not for an interstimulus interval of 500 ms. Third, this neurological deficit closely paralleled subjects\u2019 ability to distinguish between and to reconstruct the order of presentation of those stimulus sequences. Fourth, the average distributed response coherence evoked by rapidly successive stimuli was significantly weaker in the \u03b2- and \u03b3-band frequency ranges (20\u201360 Hz) in poor readers, compared with controls. These results provide direct electrophysiological evidence supporting the hypothesis that reading disabilities are correlated with the abnormal neural representation of brief and rapidly successive sensory inputs, manifested in this study at the entry level of the cortical auditory\/aural speech representational system(s).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:41:48Z","timestamp":1027680108000},"page":"6483-6488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Cortical auditory signal processing in poor readers"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Srikantan","family":"Nagarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-07321; Scientific Learning Corporation, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 400, Berkeley, CA 94704; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102; and Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Mahncke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-07321; Scientific Learning Corporation, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 400, Berkeley, CA 94704; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102; and Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talya","family":"Salz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-07321; Scientific Learning Corporation, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 400, Berkeley, CA 94704; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102; and Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Tallal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-07321; Scientific Learning Corporation, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 400, Berkeley, CA 94704; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102; and Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-07321; Scientific Learning Corporation, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 400, Berkeley, CA 94704; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102; and Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Merzenich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-07321; Scientific Learning Corporation, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 400, Berkeley, CA 94704; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102; and Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00858.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Children with Specific Language Impairment","author":"Leonard L B","year":"1998","unstructured":"L B Leonard Children with Specific Language Impairment (MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1998)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"3","volume":"45","author":"Reid L G","year":"1995","unstructured":"L G Reid Ann Dyslexia 45, 3\u201327 (1995).","journal-title":"Ann Dyslexia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210983"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Temporal Information Processing in the Nervous System: Special Reference to Dyslexia and Dysplasia","author":"Tallal P","year":"1993","unstructured":", eds P Tallal, A M Galaburda, R R Llinas, C von Euler (N.Y. 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