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The 5\u2032-flanking region contains consensus or highly conserved sequences for TATA, Pu, and CCAAT boxes, four cAMP response elements, two activator protein-1 (AP-1) response elements, two AP-2 response elements, three specific protein-1 (Sp1) response elements, and four NF-\u03baB binding sites, but no vitamin D response element. By using luciferase reporter gene constructs of truncated forms of the 1\u03b1-OHase promoter transfected into a modified pig kidney cell line, AOK-B50, we identified regulatory regions of the 1.4-kb 1\u03b1-OHase promoter for parathyroid hormone 1\u201334 [PTH(1\u201334)], forskolin, and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    [1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]. The 1.4-kb 1\u03b1-OHase promoter (AN1) modestly (1.7-fold) induced luciferase activity, whereas 1,100- (AN2), 827- (AN3), 672- (AN4), 463-(AN5), and 363-bp (AN6)-truncated promoters greatly stimulated luciferase activity by 494-fold, 18.4-fold, 55.3-fold, 643-fold, and 56.4-fold, respectively. PTH(1\u201334) and forskolin stimulated the activity of all constructs to varying degrees with significantly greater responsiveness for both compounds on AN2 and AN5. 1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    suppressed PTH(1\u201334)-induced activity on AN2 and AN5 constructs by 58% and 52%, respectively, but had no effect on the other constructs. These studies characterize the regulatory regions of the human 1\u03b1-OHase gene and provide insight into the physiologic basis for regulation of the expression of this gene by PTH and 1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.6988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:41:48Z","timestamp":1027680108000},"page":"6988-6993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Molecular cloning, characterization, and promoter analysis of the human 25-hydroxyvitamin D\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    -1\u03b1-hydroxylase gene"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Xiang F.","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory, 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