{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T19:40:15Z","timestamp":1783453215129,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In response to crowding, locusts develop characteristic black patterns that are well discernible in the gregarious phase at outbreaks. We report here a dark-color-inducing neuropeptide (dark-pigmentotropin) from the corpora cardiaca of two plague locusts,\n                    <jats:italic>Schistocerca gregaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Locusta migratoria<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The chromatographic isolation of this neuropeptide was monitored by using a bioassay with an albino mutant of\n                    <jats:italic>L. migratoria.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The neurohormone, consisting of 11 amino acids, is identical to [His\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] corazonin, previously isolated from corpora cardiaca of another acridid without known function. The present results show that even in isolated (solitary) nymphs, [His\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] corazonin induces gregarious black patterns. Its primary structure shows some similarity with the vertebrate melanophore stimulating hormone.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.7083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:39:15Z","timestamp":1027679955000},"page":"7083-7087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":251,"title":["Identification of the gregarization-associated dark-pigmentotropin in locusts through an albino mutant"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Amer I.","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insect Physiology and Behavior, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 41, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Cell and Animal Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insect Physiology and Behavior, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 41, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Cell and Animal Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"De Loof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insect Physiology and Behavior, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 41, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Cell and Animal Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliane","family":"Schoofs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insect Physiology and Behavior, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 41, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Cell and Animal Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert","family":"Baggerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insect Physiology and Behavior, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 41, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Cell and Animal Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Waelkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insect Physiology and Behavior, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 41, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Cell and Animal Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Derua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insect Physiology and Behavior, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 41, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Cell and Animal Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoram","family":"Milner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insect Physiology and Behavior, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 41, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Cell and Animal Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoram","family":"Yerushalmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insect Physiology and Behavior, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 41, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Departments of Biological Chemistry and Cell and Animal Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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