{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:37:26Z","timestamp":1781105846054,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To determine whether established CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell memory to an epitope prominent during the replicative phase of a \u03b3-herpesvirus infection protects against subsequent challenge, mice were primed with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the p56 peptide and then boosted by intranasal exposure to an influenza A virus incorporating p56 in the neuraminidase protein. Clonally expanded populations of functional, p56-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells were present at high frequency in both the lung and the lymphoid tissue 1 month later, immediately before respiratory challenge with \u03b3HV-68. This prime-and-boost regime led to a massive reduction of productive \u03b3HV-68 infection in the respiratory tract and, initially, to much lower levels of latency in both the regional lymph nodes and the spleen. The CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell response to another epitope (p79) was diminished, there was less evidence of B cell activation, and the onset of the CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell-dependent splenomegaly was delayed. Within 3\u20134 weeks of the \u03b3HV-68 challenge, however, the extent of latent infection in the lymph nodes and spleen was equivalent, and both groups developed the prominent infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome that is characteristic of this infection. The reverse protocol (influenza then vaccinia) seemed to be slightly less effective. Even though immune CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells may be present at the time and site of virus challenge, establishing a high level of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell memory to lytic-phase epitopes alone does not protect against the longer-term consequences of this \u03b3HV infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:38:21Z","timestamp":1027679901000},"page":"9281-9286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["A \u03b3-herpesvirus sneaks through a CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T cell response primed to a lytic-phase epitope"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Philip G.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy 00161; and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30522"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle T.","family":"Belz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy 00161; and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30522"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria R.","family":"Castrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy 00161; and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30522"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Altman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy 00161; and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30522"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy 00161; and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30522"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-71-6-1365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.8.5894-5904.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(94)90141-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"2343","volume-title":"Virology","author":"Rickinson A B","year":"1996","unstructured":"A B Rickinson, E Kieff Virology, eds B N Fields, D M Knipe, P M Howley (Lippincott, Third Ed., Philadelphia), pp. 2343\u20132396 (1996)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.405"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-12-3275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.4.3273-3283.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.9.5247-5252.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.9.5135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-2-477"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.6.4651-4661.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910350108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"237","volume":"18","author":"Ganem D","year":"1998","unstructured":"D Ganem Curr Clin Top Infect Dis 18, 237\u2013251 (1998).","journal-title":"Curr Clin Top Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1994.5.3-381"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.13.5845"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.2.822","volume":"157","author":"Thomson S A","year":"1996","unstructured":"S A Thomson, S L Elliott, M A Sherritt, K W Sproat, B E H Coupar, A A Scalzo, C A Forbes, A M Ladhams, X Y Mo, R A Tripp, et al. 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