{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:25:58Z","timestamp":1789593958053,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy with cupping of the optic disk, degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, and characteristic visual field loss. Because elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for progression of glaucoma, treatment has been based on lowering IOP. We previously demonstrated inducible nitric-oxide synthase (NOS-2) in the optic nerve heads from human glaucomatous eyes and from rat eyes with chronic, moderately elevated IOP. Using this rat model of unilateral glaucoma, we treated a group of animals for 6 months with aminoguanidine, a relatively specific inhibitor of NOS-2, and compared them with an untreated group. At 6 months, untreated animals had pallor and cupping of the optic disks in the eyes with elevated IOP. Eyes of aminoguanidine-treated animals with similar elevations of IOP appeared normal. We quantitated retinal ganglion cell loss by retrograde labeling with Fluoro-Gold. When compared with their contralateral control eyes with normal IOP, eyes with elevated IOP in the untreated group lost 36% of their retinal ganglion cells; the eyes with similarly elevated IOP in the aminoguanidine-treated group lost less than 10% of their retinal ganglion cells. Pharmacological neuroprotection by inhibition of NOS-2 may prove useful for the treatment of patients with glaucoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.17.9944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:32:33Z","timestamp":1027679553000},"page":"9944-9948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":263,"title":["Inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase 2 by aminoguanidine provides neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of chronic glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Arthur H.","family":"Neufeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020041015002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010635009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(89)90423-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810293391808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00317-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.7.906"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3978"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"2376","volume":"37","author":"Caprioli J","year":"1996","unstructured":"J Caprioli, S Kitano, J E Morgan Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 37, 2376\u20132381 (1996).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100150499009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Shareef S. 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