{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:36:10Z","timestamp":1793298970418,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules play a central role in the selection of the T cell repertoire, in the establishment and regulation of the adaptive immune response, and in autoimmune deviation. We have generated knockout mice lacking all four of the classical murine MHC-II genes (MHCII\n                    <jats:sup>\u0394<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>\u0394<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice), via a large (80-kilobase) deletion of the entire class II region that was engineered by homologous recombination and Cre recombinase-mediated excision. These mice feature immune system perturbations like those of A\u03b1 and A\u03b2 knockout animals, notably a dearth of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen. No new anatomical or physiological abnormalities were observed in MHCII\n                    <jats:sup>\u0394<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>\u0394<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. Because these animals are devoid of all classical MHC-II chains, even unpaired chains, they make excellent recipients for MHC-II transgenes from other species, avoiding the problem of interspecies cross-pairing of MHC-II chains. Therefore, they should be invaluable for engineering \u201chumanized\u201d mouse models of human MHC-II-associated autoimmune disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.18.10338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:38:21Z","timestamp":1027679901000},"page":"10338-10343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":301,"title":["Mice lacking all conventional MHC class II genes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Lars","family":"Madsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale\/Universit\u00e9 Louis Pasteur), B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch, Communaut\u00e9 Urbaine de Strasbourg, France; Department of Biology, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Labrecque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale\/Universit\u00e9 Louis Pasteur), B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch, Communaut\u00e9 Urbaine de Strasbourg, France; Department of Biology, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Engberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale\/Universit\u00e9 Louis Pasteur), B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch, Communaut\u00e9 Urbaine de Strasbourg, France; Department of Biology, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9e","family":"Dierich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale\/Universit\u00e9 Louis Pasteur), B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch, Communaut\u00e9 Urbaine de Strasbourg, France; Department of Biology, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Svejgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale\/Universit\u00e9 Louis Pasteur), B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch, Communaut\u00e9 Urbaine de Strasbourg, France; Department of Biology, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Benoist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale\/Universit\u00e9 Louis Pasteur), B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch, Communaut\u00e9 Urbaine de Strasbourg, France; Department of Biology, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Mathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale\/Universit\u00e9 Louis Pasteur), B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch, Communaut\u00e9 Urbaine de Strasbourg, France; Department of Biology, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Fugger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale\/Universit\u00e9 Louis Pasteur), B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch, Communaut\u00e9 Urbaine de Strasbourg, France; Department of Biology, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, 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