{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:40:51Z","timestamp":1791225651017,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Embryos carrying null mutations of both retinoid X receptors \u03b1 and \u03b2 (RXR\u03b1\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/RXR\u03b2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mutants) were generated. These mutant embryos die between 9.5 and 10.5 days of gestation and display a wide range of abnormalities. The cause of the lethality appears to be the lack of formation of the labyrinthine zone of the chorioallantoic placenta. In a thorough analysis of mutant conceptuses, we establish that RXRs, through heterodimerization with retinoic acid receptors, are essential for postimplantation embryonic development before placentogenesis. RXRs are also essential for the formation of the chorioallantoic placenta, most probably through RXR\/peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 heterodimers. Interestingly, as a RXR ligand appears dispensable, placentogenesis must be controlled by a yet unknown hormonal ligand(s) activating the heterodimerization partner(s) of RXRs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.2.547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:35:07Z","timestamp":1027679707000},"page":"547-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Retinoid X receptors are essential for early mouse development and placentogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Wendling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale\/Universit\u00e9 Louis Pasteur\/Coll\u00e8ge de France, B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, 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